A Reflection on the Four Sons
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The Prato Haggadah (MS 9478)
Another take on the Four Children: The Prato Haggadah, a 14th-century Spanish manuscript from The JTS Library, presents distinctive images of the Four Sons—since the illustrations are male, we will use gendered language to explore these images. Aside from the gender, how do these images reflect the time and place where they were created?
The Wise Son
The Wise Son points up to heaven and hugs a book close to his chest. He looks calm and focused, like someone eager to learn and understand. He shows us the joy of seeking knowledge and the reward of understanding.
The Wicked Son
The Wicked Son is intense. He’s a soldier, fully armed, with a fierce look on his face. His weapons and helmet make him stand out. He forces us to confront the idea of defiance and separation. How do we respond to someone who rejects community values? What do we do when faced with rebellion?
The Simple Son
The Simple Son sits on a rough bench, his hand stretched out as if to ask something. There’s a sweetness to him—an honesty. He reminds us to welcome even the simplest questions. They matter, too.
The Son Who Does Not Know How to Ask
The youngest son sits below the Simple Son. His arms are crossed, and his head is bare. He doesn’t ask or move. He seems unsure, like he doesn’t know how to join in. How can we help someone like him feel seen and included?
Questions to Consider
- How do these pictures make the Four Sons feel real to you? Which son do you identify with?
- Why do you think the artist chose to show the Wicked Son as a soldier? What does it add to the story?
- How can we support people who feel like the Son Who Does Not Know How to Ask, especially at the Seder?
